Millimeter-wave observations of Euclid Deep Field South using the South Pole Telescope : a data release of temperature maps and catalogs

dc.contributor.authorArchipley, M.
dc.contributor.authorHryciuk, A.
dc.contributor.authorBleem, L.E.
dc.contributor.authorKornoelje, K.
dc.contributor.authorKlein, M.
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, A. J.;
dc.contributor.authorAnsarinejad, B.
dc.contributor.authorAravena, M.
dc.contributor.authorBalkenhol, L.
dc.contributor.authorBarry, P.S.
dc.contributor.authorBenabed, K.
dc.contributor.authorBender, A.N.
dc.contributor.authorBenson, B.A.
dc.contributor.authorBianchini, F.
dc.contributor.authorBocquet, S.
dc.contributor.authorBouchet, F.R.
dc.contributor.authorCamphuis, E.
dc.contributor.authorCampitiello, M.G.
dc.contributor.authorCarlstrom, J.E.
dc.contributor.authorCathey, J.
dc.contributor.authorChang, C.L.
dc.contributor.authorChapman, S.C.
dc.contributor.authorChaubal, P.
dc.contributor.authorChichura, P.M.
dc.contributor.authorChokshi, A.
dc.contributor.authorChou, T. -l.
dc.contributor.authorCoerver, A.
dc.contributor.authorCrawford, T.M.
dc.contributor.authorDaley, C.
dc.contributor.authorDe Haan, T.
dc.contributor.authorDeane, Roger
dc.contributor.authorDibert, K.R.
dc.contributor.authorDobbs, M.A.
dc.contributor.authorDoohan, M.
dc.contributor.authorDoussot, A.
dc.contributor.authorDutcher, D.
dc.contributor.authorEverett, W.
dc.contributor.authorFeng, C.
dc.contributor.authorFerguson, K.R.
dc.contributor.authorFichman, K.
dc.contributor.authorFloyd, B.
dc.contributor.authorFoster, A.
dc.contributor.authorGalli, S.
dc.contributor.authorGambrel, A.E.
dc.contributor.authorGardner, R.W.
dc.contributor.authorGe, F.
dc.contributor.authorGoeckner-Wald, N.
dc.contributor.authorGonzalez, A.
dc.contributor.authorGrandis, S.
dc.contributor.authorGreve, T.R.
dc.contributor.authorGualtieri, R.
dc.contributor.authorGuidi, F.
dc.contributor.authorGuns, S.
dc.contributor.authorHalverson, N.W.
dc.contributor.authorHill, R.
dc.contributor.authorHivon, E.
dc.contributor.authorHolder, G.P.
dc.contributor.authorHolzapfel, W.L.
dc.contributor.authorHood, J.C.
dc.contributor.authorHuang, N.
dc.contributor.authorKeruzore, F.
dc.contributor.authorKhalife, A.R.
dc.contributor.authorKnox, L.
dc.contributor.authorKorman, M.
dc.contributor.authorKuo, C.-l.
dc.contributor.authorLevy, K.
dc.contributor.authorLowitz, A.E.
dc.contributor.authorLu, C.
dc.contributor.authorLynch, G.P.
dc.contributor.authorManiyar, A.
dc.contributor.authorMartsen, E.S.
dc.contributor.authorMenanteau, F.
dc.contributor.authorMillea, M.
dc.contributor.authorMontgomery, J.
dc.contributor.authorNakato, Y.
dc.contributor.authorNatoli, T.
dc.contributor.authorNoble, G.I.
dc.contributor.authorOmori, Y.
dc.contributor.authorOuellette, A.
dc.contributor.authorPan, Z.
dc.contributor.authorPhadke, K.A.
dc.contributor.authorPollak, A.W.
dc.contributor.authorPrabhu, K.
dc.contributor.authorQuan, W.
dc.contributor.authorRaghunathan, S.
dc.contributor.authorRahimi, M.
dc.contributor.authorRahlin, A.
dc.contributor.authorReichardt, C.L.
dc.contributor.authorReuter, C.
dc.contributor.authorRouble, M.
dc.contributor.authorRuhl, J.E.
dc.contributor.authorSchiappucci, E.
dc.contributor.authorSimpson, A.
dc.contributor.authorSobrin, J.A.
dc.contributor.authorStalder, B.
dc.contributor.authorStark, A.A.
dc.contributor.authorSulzenauer, N.
dc.contributor.authorTandoi, C.
dc.contributor.authorThorne, B.
dc.contributor.authorTrendafilova, C.
dc.contributor.authorUmilta, C.
dc.contributor.authorVieira, J.D.
dc.contributor.authorVitrier, A.
dc.contributor.authorVizgan, D.
dc.contributor.authorWan, Y.
dc.contributor.authorWeiss, A.
dc.contributor.authorWhitehorn, N.
dc.contributor.authorWu, W.L.K.
dc.contributor.authorYoung, M.R.
dc.contributor.authorZebrowski, J.A.
dc.contributor.authorZhou, D.
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-02T11:33:21Z
dc.date.available2026-04-02T11:33:21Z
dc.date.issued2026-02
dc.descriptionDATA AVAILABILITY : Data products described in Sect. 5, including catalogs, sky maps, and ancillary products, are available for download at https://pole.uchicago.edu/public/data/edfs25/, the NASA LAMBDA archive at https://lambda.gsfc.nasa. gov/product/spt/spt3g_euclid_deep_field_south_info.html, and at the CDS via https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/706/A17.
dc.description.abstractCONTEXT : The South Pole Telescope third-generation camera (SPT-3G) has observed over 10 000 square degrees of sky at 95, 150, and 220 GHz (3.3, 2.0, 1.4 mm, respectively) and will significantly overlap the ongoing 14 000 square-degree Euclid Wide Survey. The Euclid collaboration recently released Euclid Deep Field South (EDF-S) observations of 23 square degrees at wide field depths in the first quick data release (Q1). AIMS : With the goal of releasing complementary millimeter-wave data and encouraging legacy science, we performed dedicated observations of a 57-square-degree field overlapping the EDF-S. METHODS : The observing time totaled 20 days, and we reached noise depths of 4.3, 3.8, and 13.2 μK-arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. RESULTS : In this work we present the temperature maps and two catalogs constructed from these data. The emissive source catalog contains 601 objects (334 inside EDF-S) with 54% synchrotron-dominated sources and 46% thermal dust emission-dominated sources. The 5σ detection thresholds are 1.7, 2.0, and 6.5 mJy in the three bands. The cluster catalog contains 217 cluster candidates (121 inside EDF-S) with median mass M500c = 2.12 × 1014 M⊙/h70 and median redshift z = 0.70, corresponding to an order-of-magnitude improvement in cluster density over previous tSZ-selected catalogs in this region (3.81 clusters per square degree). CONCLUSIONS : The overlap between SPT and Euclid data will enable a range of multiwavelength studies of the aforementioned source populations. This work serves as the first step toward joint projects between SPT and Euclid and provides a rich dataset containing information on galaxies, clusters, and their environments.
dc.description.departmentPhysics
dc.description.librarianhj2026
dc.description.sdgNone
dc.description.sponsorshipThe South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through awards OPP-1852617 and OPP-2332483. Partial support is also provided by the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. Argonne National Laboratory’s work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The UC Davis group acknowledges support from Michael and Ester Vaida. Work at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics HEP User Facility, is managed by Fermi Forward Discovery Group, LLC, acting under Contract No. 89243024CSC000002. The Melbourne authors acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Project scheme (No. DP210102386). The Paris group has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 101001897), and funding from the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales. The SLAC group is supported in part by the Department of Energy at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. M. Aravena gratefully acknowledges support from ANID Basal Project FB210003 and ANID MILENIO NCN2024_112. RPD acknowledges funding from the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), which is a facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science, Technology, and Innovation (DSI). The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. TRG is grateful for support from the Carlsberg Foundation via grant No. CF20-0534. This research was done using services provided by the OSG Consortium (Pordes et al. 2007; Sfiligoi et al. 2009; OSG 2006, 2015), which is supported by the National Science Foundation awards #2030508 and #2323298. Some results in this paper have been derived using the healpy and HEALPix packages. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, and NEOWISE, which is a project of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology. WISE and NEOWISE are funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This scientific work uses data obtained from Inyarrimanha Ilgari Bundara, the CSIRO Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory. We acknowledge the Wajarri Yamaji People as the Traditional Owners and native titleholders of the Observatory site. CSIRO’s ASKAP radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope National Facility (https://ror.org/05qajvd42). Operation of ASKAP is funded by the Australian Government with support from the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy. ASKAP uses the resources of the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre. Establishment of ASKAP, Inyarrimanha Ilgari Bundara, the CSIRO Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory and the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre are initiatives of the Australian Government, with support from the Government of Western Australia and the Science and Industry Endowment Fund. This work includes archived data obtained through the CSIRO ASKAP Science Data Archive, CASDA (http://data.csiro.au). The Legacy Surveys consist of three individual and complementary projects: the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS; Proposal ID #2014B-0404; PIs: David Schlegel and Arjun Dey), the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS; NOAO Prop. ID #2015A-0801; PIs: Zhou Xu and Xiaohui Fan), and the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey (MzLS; Prop. ID #2016A-0453; PI: Arjun Dey). DECaLS, BASS and MzLS together include data obtained, respectively, at the Blanco telescope, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s NOIRLab; the Bok telescope, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona; and the Mayall telescope, Kitt Peak National Observatory, NOIRLab. Pipeline processing and analyses of the data were supported by NOIRLab and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The Legacy Surveys project is honored to be permitted to conduct astronomical research on Iolkam Du’ag (Kitt Peak), a mountain with particular significance to the Tohono O’odham Nation. NOIRLab is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. LBNL is managed by the Regents of the University of California under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy. This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig Maximilians Uni-versitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF’s NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, the Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University. The Legacy Surveys imaging of the DESI footprint is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123, by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract; and by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under Contract No. AST-0950945 to NOAO.
dc.description.urihttps://www.aanda.org/
dc.identifier.citationArchipley, M., Hryciuk, A., Bleem, L.E.et al. 2026, 'Millimeter-wave observations of Euclid Deep Field South using the South Pole Telescope : a data release of temperature maps and catalogs', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 706, art. A17, pp. 1-25, doi : 10.1051/0004-6361/202555798.
dc.identifier.issn0004-6361 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1432-0746 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1051/0004-6361/202555798
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/109433
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherEDP Sciences
dc.rights© The Authors 2026. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).
dc.subjectCatalogs
dc.subjectSurveys
dc.subjectGalaxies: clusters: general
dc.subjectGalaxies: high-redshift
dc.subjectCosmology: observations
dc.subjectSubmillimeter: galaxies
dc.titleMillimeter-wave observations of Euclid Deep Field South using the South Pole Telescope : a data release of temperature maps and catalogs
dc.typeArticle

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